Healthcare In Crisis: Preventable Hospital Infections

Thursday, June 28, 2007

Preventable Hospital Infections

A friend of mine noticed that the television remote is handed from one hospital patient to another without any concern about spreading infection. Infections acquired in hospitals kill people, costing hospitals billions of dollars, and are often preventable with some thought and effort.

Infections contracted in hospitals are the fourth largest killer in America. Every year in this country, two million patients' contract infections in hospitals, and an estimated 103,000 die as a result.

A few hospitals in the U.S. are proving that infections are almost entirely preventable. How are they doing it? Through rigorous hand hygiene, meticulous cleaning of equipment and rooms in between patient use, testing incoming patients to identify those carrying dangerous bacteria, and taking precautions to prevent these bacteria from spreading to other patients.

In 2003, the Society for Healthcare Epidemiologists of America (SHEA) announced the precautions that research proves can eradicate most hospital infections. Yet only a few hospitals have taken these precautions, and the CDC still has not called on all hospitals to implement them.

Hospital infections add an estimated $30.5 billion to the nation's hospital costs each year. Patients, insurers and taxpayers pay part of that cost, but hospitals have to absorb much of the cost. As a result, infections erode hospital profits. Preventing infections can turn a financially failing hospital profitable." (source)

Note: In some states legislation has been passed to make individual hospital infection rates public information.
17 states have laws requiring public reporting of infection rates
2 states have laws requiring public reporting of infection information, but not specifically rates (CA, RI)
2 states have laws requiring confidential reporting of infection rates (NE, NV)
All other states except WY, AZ, MT, ND have considered hospital infection reporting laws, but have not yet passed legislation.

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Statistics Collection

80 percent of the hospital closures nationwide occured in states that didn’t expand Medicaid. 2019
About 75,000 patients with hospital-related infections died in 2011.
A recent study conducted by the Kresge Foundation and published in Health Affairs found that treating children who are exposed to air pollution, toxic chemicals and other pollutants costs a staggering $76.6 billion dollars a year. The study also found that children with existing allergies to common airborne allergens are even more vulnerable to chemical pollutants than others.
About 27.8 million people without coverage are working, either part or full time.
The rate of prescription drug use for the American South, with West Virginia the worst off, is higher than the rest of the country. West Virginia filled 17.7 prescriptions per capita compared to a national average of 11.5.
Nearly 45,000 people die in the United States each year -- one every 12 minutes -- in large part because they lack health insurance and can not get good care, Harvard Medical School researchers found
Insurance and HMO Industries Spend Nearly $700,000 Per Day to Kill Health Care Reform.
86.7 million Americans were uninsured at some point in 2007 and 2008.
About 67 percent of medications dispensed in 2007 were generic drugs — up from 63 percent the year before. Generics can cost as little as one-third the price of brand-names.
Health care continued to take up a greater share of the economy in 2007, as spending on hospitals, doctors and other services increased 6.1 percent to $2.2 trillion.
Several major U.S. insurance companies, like Blue Cross Blue Shield of South Carolina and southern California are now considering sending patients overseas for surgeries. (5/07)
Experts predict that the medical tourism industry will grow to $40 billion by 2010.
An estimated 500,000 Americans travel out of the U.S. every year for some type of medical care. Care they can't afford here.
rising costs and deteriorating coverage cause more than one-in-four (28 percent) to go without needed care because they can't afford it.
In 2007, 75 million working-age adults were either uninsured or underinsured, up from 61 million in 2003.
It is estimated that, nationwide, 18,000 adults between the ages of 25 and 64 died in 2000 because they did not have health insurance. Subsequently, The Urban Institute estimated that at least 22,000 adults in the same age group died in 2006 because they did not have health insurance.
In 2006, nearly 5,000 community hospitals provided uncompensated care costing $31.2 billion
Roughly one-half of America's hospitals operating in the red
Bad debts for hospitals in 2004 were estimated to be between $26bn and $30bn, representing about 12 per cent of their revenue and rising.
The administration of the health care system today consumes approximately 31% of the money spent for health care.
The American Hospital Association, which represents 5,000 hospitals and health care systems, spent $7.3 million in the first half of 2007 to lobby the federal government, according to a disclosure form.
Record numbers of Americans are travelling abroad for medical treatment to escape the American healthcare system – with 100,000 patients expected to fly out this year for cosmetic surgery alone
Half the nation's 47 million uninsured workers are employed by small businesses.
47 million uninsured in 2006 up from 44.8 million uninsured in 2005. 17.1 million people under age 65 were underinsured in 2003, including 9.3 million people with employer-based insurance.
A recent New America Foundation white paper estimates the average family pays about $1,186 a year in "hidden taxes" through health insurance premiums to cover the uninsured.
15.8% of Americans are uninsured, that's one in 6.
In the US more than a million people go bankrupt each year because of illness or medical debt. 29 million Americans -- 14 percent of all adults -- are in serious medical debt.
As few as 44,000 and as many as 98,000 people die in hospitals each year because of preventable errors.
There are about 1.7 million hospital-acquired infections a year in the United States, and 99,000 deaths annually as a result.
From 2003-2005 there were 247,662 potentially preventable deaths in U.S. hospitals.
The excess cost to Medicare associated with patient safety incidents was $8.6 billion from 2003 to 2005.
At the heart of the shortage is the difference between typical reimbursements for primary care doctors and specialists. The former can expect to earn $160,000 a year, according to national data, while obstetrician/ gynecologists earn an average $230,000 and dermatologists $300,000.